The Peyton Randolph Dairy was the third building completed on the Randolph property. As with all of the buildings, extensive research was conducted before any construction began. The Randolph diary is approximately eight feet wide and 16 feet long. It consists of two brick-floored rooms, both with shelves for the storage of milk and tools necessary in the production of dairy products. Like most dairies of the period, the Randolph Dairy is ventilated by latticework at the top of both front and back walls. In an effort to keep the building as clean and cool as possible, the Dairy's walls and ceiling will be plastered. The Randolph Dairy was constructed with pit-sawn poplar framing resting on hewn white oak sills. The weatherboards on the dairy were also made with pit-sawn poplar. The shelves, doors and trim were all constructed from long-leaf yellow pine. The scalloped shingles on the Dairy were made from Bald Cypress.